Based on the first-order Rayleigh scattering model, the polarization mode of sunlight atmosphere under clear weather conditions is analyzed, and through the calculation of polarization degree and polarization angle of each observation point in the sky, the polarization degree and polarization angle sky simulation visualization image is constructed, and the distribution law of polarization degree symmetry on solar meridian symmetry and polarization angle on solar meridian antisymmetry is verified, and finally a method is given to obtain the heading angle of the carrier by comprehensively considering the polarization degree and polarization angle distribution mode.