With the continuous innovation of radar technology, both civilian and military radars are demanding more andmore accuracy in complex environments. Different from previous studies on long-distance electromagnetic wave propagation underrainfall environment, the attenuation of electromagnetic wave in the short-distance propagation process is focused on. With the helpof electromagnetic simulation software, a simulation model was established according to the precipitation situation of stratoid cloudin Henan Province to simulate the short–diastance propagation process of electromagnetic wave in P-band, and the electromagneticwave attenuation was reflected by calculating the difference of electric field energy before and after the path. The results show thatthe attenuation of electromagnetic wave increases with the increase of frequency under the same distance propagation of rainfallenvironment, which is the same as the attenuation trend of long-distance propagation, and the attenuation degree cannot be ignoredunder the conditions of precision guidance.