In broadband receivers employing a filter-decimation structure, digital filters demand exceptionally high computational speeds when handling high-sampling-rate inputs, posing significant challenges for practical engineering implementation. Polyphase filtering addresses this by advancing the decimation process prior to data processing, thereby substantially alleviating processing speed requirements. This paper elucidates the fundamental principles of polyphase filtering, develops a channelized reception architecture based on this methodology, and validates the design through comprehensive simulation experiments.