The current development of foreign military data link is analyzed and a study of their future trends is conducted. By examining the data link systems of the U.S. military, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and other major nations’ armed forces, the current state of these systems in terms of technical architecture, application domains, and interoperability is elucidated. Furthermore, grounded in the demands of modern warfare and advancements in technology, the study explores forward-looking trends such as multi-domain integration, intelligentize and resilient network development. The research aims to provide valuable insights for related studies and practical applications in the military domain.