Analyzes the current development status of foreign military data link systems and conducts an in-depth study of their future trends. By examining the data link systems of the U.S. military, NATO, and other major nations’ armed forces, it elucidates the current state of these systems in terms of technical architecture, application domains, and interoperability. Furthermore, grounded in the demands of modern warfare and advancements in technology, the study explores forward –looking trends such as multi-domain integration, intelligent, and resilient network development. The research aims to provide valuable insights for related studies and practical applications in the military domain.